Employee Psychological Empowerment Models and Teaching ways of the Method

Abstract

Although individuals have the potential of showing more creativity, innovation, and performance, these capabilities are not exploited optimally in the organizational environment. Psychological empowerment of human resources has been known as an effective strategy in functioning and enhancement of human resources in transition management so educating the method is of great importance. Accordingly, the present study was conducted to analyze employee psychological-empowerment models and the ways of educating that. The paper was theoretical. The concept of empowerment and empowerment models were dealt with based on approaches using library method to realize the purpose of the paper. Then the empowerment models by (Bowen & Lawler, 1992), (Kanger & Kanengo, 1988), (Avolio, 2004), (Nokelainen & Ruhotie, 2003), (Dennis, 1984), (Robbins et al, 2018), (Villegas, 2019), (Vogt & Murrel, 1990), (Noller, 1997), (Thomas & Volhaus, 2017), (Spritzer, 1995), Iran Human Resources Empowerment Model, and so on were analyzed. After the analysis of the models, the effective model of employee psychological empowerment was extracted, involving the components of organizational culture, organizational structure, organizational monitoring system, organizational reward system, and the organizational management systems. Some aspects were considered for each component according to the conducted analyses and studying and comparing the models developed in this regard.