Three-Dimensional Imaging Sensor-Based Non-Contact Measurement of Neonatal Head Circumference in Incubators

Abstract

Highlights: What are the main findings? A non-contact method for measuring neonatal head circumference using a 3D imaging sensor was developed. What is the implication of the main finding? A top-view 3D imaging system can be used to estimate the head circumferences of neonates without direct contact, ensuring safety for their delicate skin. Because some portions of the head may be missing in the top-view images, these missing areas are estimated using mat information. The extracted features and head surface values contribute to the head circumference measurement. This approach enhances the feasibility of non-contact head circumference measurement, which could improve neonatal monitoring in clinical settings. In Japan, birth rates are declining, but there are a rising number of underweight newborns who require specialized care in neonatal intensive care units (NICUs). Head circumference is an important indicator of brain development for low-birth-weight infants. However, measuring head circumference requires extreme care because low-birth-weight infants have fragile skin. Therefore, a non-contact measurement system using a 3D imaging sensor was developed. Using this system, three-dimensional data for a newborn’s head can be obtained from outside the incubator. Briefly, the images are taken from above the incubator, so there is an area behind the head that cannot be captured by the camera, but the head circumference estimation takes into account the fact that the head is in contact with the mat. The proposed method allows head circumference estimation without touching the newborn. This approach minimizes stress for both the neonate and the nurse and improves efficiency and safety in the NICU.