Acute Autonomic Symptoms with Anti-myelin-associated Glycoprotein Neuropathy as a Presentation of Small B Cell Lymphoma: A Case Report and Literature Review

Abstract

The association of symmetrical distal sensorimotor polyneuropathy with anti-myelin-associated glycoprotein antibodies (MAG) has been well established. Although autonomic symptoms are uncommon with anti-MAG antibody neuropathy (MAN). We are presenting an unusual case, who developed acute onset urinary retention, orthostatic hypotension, bradycardia and was found to have MAN. She was a 68-year-old lady, presented with progressive ascending numbness, weakness of her extremities and balance problems. On neurological examination, she had generalized muscle weakness, reduced perception to all modalities of sensation with marked impairment of vibration and position sense in the lower limbs. Reflexes were diminished throughout and Romberg sign was positive. Initial lab work including thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH), vitamin B12, Hb1c, and routine lab reports was normal. The patient then developed acute urinary retention, severe orthostatic hypotension, and symptomatic bradycardia. Workup during this time revealed M spike on serum electrophoresis with IgM kappa on immunofixation. IgM titers were higher than normal. Initially, she was thought to have monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance (MGUS) related neuropathy but further workup showed very high levels of anti-MAG antibody titer. Further workup including a bone marrow biopsy revealed a small B cell lymphoma. Only a few cases have reported a small B cell lymphoma presenting with MAN-associated autonomic symptoms. She is currently being treated with rituximab with significant improvement in her neuropathic symptoms. Further case studies are needed to show whether autonomic symptoms are the feature of MAN or this atypical presentation is the paraneoplastic manifestation of the lymphoma.