Flavonoids and cardiovascular diseases

Abstract

Flavonoids are biomolecules found in plants and are also commonly consumed in human diets. They belong to a large class of plant pigments with various sub-classes, including flavones, flavonols, catechism, isoflavones, proanthocyanidines, anthocyanidins, etc. Flavonoids have a generalized structure of15 carbon skeletons containing 2 phenyl rings and 1 heterocyclic ring. In other words, it includes 2 benzene rings, equal to 12 carbons joined by a linear 3 carbon chain. Flavonoids are found in varions edible plant sources such as spices, varions fruits and vegetables, tea, varions beverages, etc. However, a diet including flavonoids is rich in nutritional value. It leads to a healthy lifestyle and has been readily in consumption in order to prevent diseases. Flavonoids have been serving as an anti-atherosclerotic agent that helps in the prevention of cardiovascular diseases (CVDs), it regulates various other functions related to CVD, such as prevention ofoxidative damage and oxidation oflow-density lipoproteins (LDLs), regulation of vasomotor responses and regulates platelet activity. Flavonoids are found to inhibit cholesterol synthesis in order to prevent plaque formation in arteries. Basically, CVDs are multifactorial diseases with two basic types of ischemic heart diseases (IHD) and hemorrhagic heart diseases. Ischemic diseases occur due to blockages in arteries, whereas Hemorrhagic strokes occur due to rupturing of blood vessels. Numerous flavonoids, including those found in tea, vegetables, berries, cocoa, citrus, and other foods, aid in controlling various bodily functions and preventing and treating cardiac diseases.