Mechanisms Linking Periodontal Disease and Cardiovascular Disease: A Review and Update

Abstract

Aim: To present review of current literature regarding association between periodontal and cardiovascular diseases and the mechanisms involved in the association. Materials and Methods: Thorough search was carried out on PUBMED, MEDLINE databases and Google on the association between periodontal disease and cardiovascular diseases and the mechanisms involved selected literature included review articles, observational studies, case control studies, randomized control trials and meta-analysis. Priority was placed on papers published within last 10 years. Brief description of periodontal disease and atherosclerosis underlying pathophysiology has also been included. Results and Conclusion: Preponderance of data appears to support the concept that a potential link does exist between periodontal disease and CVD independent of confounding factors. Interventional trials have shown that periodontal therapy is associated with reduction in surrogate markers of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease. Prospective interventional studies are required to determine the exact link between PD and CVD as well as to evaluate whether periodontal treatment may reduce the risk of developing CVD. Clinical Significance Pre assessment of developing cardiovascular disease using biomarkers can help in diagnosis of developing or worsening periodontal diseases at earlier stages and can aid in providing screening services and advice to seek immediate dental care. Keywords: Coronary Artery Disease, Chronic Periodontitis, Interrelationship, Periodontal disease, Systemic conditions.