Medical shift work: a narrative review

Abstract

Shift and night work combine training and practice in medical education, assuming an essential character in some medical specialties. Nevertheless, it is recognized that this work schedule affects biological functions, cognitive performance, and the safety of both patients and workers. The aim of this narrative literature review was to describe current knowledge about the impact of shift and night work in medical professionals. The LILACS, MEDLINE, and SciELO databases were searched for publications between 2010 and 2020 using the terms: "shift work schedule" and "physicians". A total of 12 publications reported outcomes on sleep quality, family relationships, burnout syndrome, and cardiovascular health. Despite these outcomes, the studies highlighted the importance of shift and night work in medical training, reflecting a loss of learning opportunities when limitations are placed on work hours. The studies suggested initiatives to mitigate the effects of shift work, including increased awareness by managers, a culture of respect for resting periods, the encouragement of family support networks, and the availability of natural light in the workplace.