Digestive enzymes along digestive tract of a carnivorous fish Glyptosternum maculatum (Sisoridae, Siluriformes)

Abstract

This study attempted to determine the presence, distribution and levels of digestive proteases, pepsin, amylase and lipase in the homogenates of digestive tract of a freshwater, cold-adapted, carnivorous teleost of Tibet, Glyptosternum maculatum (n = 10, mean weight: 129.6 ± 28.9 g, mean length: 195.1 ± 16.6 mm, approximately 6 years old), at different temperatures and pH levels. The descending order of protease activity was as follows: stomach (pepsin, 16.16 ± 0.96 U/mg protein), anterior intestine (3.18 ± 0.25 U/mg protein), posterior intestine (1.76 ± 0.21 U/mg protein) and middle intestine (1.52 ± 0.23 U/mg protein). Amylase activity levels in descending order were as follows: anterior intestine (0.0062 ± 0.0007 U/mg protein), stomach (0.0032 ± 0.0009 U/mg protein), middle intestine (0.0023 ± 0.0005 U/mg protein) and posterior intestine (0.0023 ± 0.0004 U/mg protein). The highest lipase activity was found in the anterior intestine (0.83 ± 0.25 U/mg protein), followed by posterior intestine (0.51 ± 0.19 U/mg protein), middle intestine (0.48 ± 0.09 U/mg protein) and stomach (0.39 ± 0.10 U/mg protein). The optimal temperature and pH level for protease were 50 °C and 9.0-10.0, respectively, along the intestine. The pepsin optima in the stomach were 30 °C and 2.0 respectively. The optimal temperature for amylase was found to be 30 °C along the digestive tract and the optimal pH was 7.0 in the intestine and 6.0 in the stomach. The optimal temperature and pH levels of lipase were 30 °C, pH 6.0 for the stomach and 40-50 °C, pH 8.0 for the intestine, respectively. Hepato-somatic index was 1.35 ± 0.2% and relative intestine length was 0.90 ± 0.19. The weight ratio of the stomach and intestine to body weight was 1.63 ± 0.43% and 1.57 ± 0.24% respectively. © 2010 Blackwell Verlag GmbH.