The Distinction Between Semantic and Pragmatic Meaning With reference to the third year students - Dept. of English, College of Basic Education: A Practical study

Abstract

ﺗﺘﻨﺎﻭﻝ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﻟﺪﺭﺍﺳﺔ ﺍﻟﺠﺎﻧﺐ ﺍﻟﻨﻈﺮﻱ ﻭﺍﻟﻌﻤﻠﻲ ﻟﻤﻮﺿﻮﻉ ﺃﻫﻢ ﺍﻟﻔﺮﻭ ﻗﺎﺕ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻤﻌﻨﻰ ﺍﻟﻠﻐﻮﻱ ﻓﻲ ﺷﻘﻴﻪ ﺍﻟﻤﻌﻨﻰ ﺍﻟﺪﻻﻟﻲ (ﺳﻴﻤﺎﻧﺘﻜﺲ – ﻋﻠﻢ ﺍﻟﺪﻻﻟﺔ) ﻭﺍﻟﻤﻌﻨﻰ ﺍﻟﻮﺍﻗﻌﻲ ﺍﻟﻌﻤﻠﻲ (ﻋﻠﻢ ﺍﻟﺒﺮﻏﻤﺎﺗﻜﺲ – ﺍﻟﻮﺍﻗﻌﻲ ﺍﻟﻌﻤﻠﻲ) ﻭﺍﺛﺒﺎﺕ ﺫﻟﻚ ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺎ ﻟﻠﻐﺮﺽ ﺍﻟﻜﻼﻣﻲ ﻭﻣﺪﻯ ﻓﻬﻢ ﺍﻟﻐﺮﺽ ﻭﺍﻟﻤﻌﻨﻰ ﻣﻤﺎ ﻳﻘﺼﺪﻩ ﺍﻟﻤﺘﺨﺎﻁﺒﻴﻦ ﻣﻦ ﻧﺼﻮﺹ ﻛﻼﻣﻴﻪ ﻭﺗﺤﻠﻴﻠﻬﺎ ﺩﻻﻟﻴﺎ ﻭﻋﻤﻠﻴﺎ ﻟﻠﺠﻤﻠﺔ ﺍﻟﻜﻼﻣﻴﺔ. ﻟﺬﺍ ﻓﻘﺪ ﺗﻨﺎﻭﻝ ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺚ ﻓﻲ ﺟﺰءﻩ ﺍﻟﻌﻤﻠﻲ ﺩﺭﺍﺳﺔ ﺗﺠﺮﺑﻪ ﻋﻤﻠﻴﻪ ﻟﻄﻠﺒﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﺮﺣﻠﺔ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻟﺜﺔ ﻟﻘﺴﻢ ﺍﻟﻠﻐﺔ ﺍﻻﻧﻜﻠﻴﺰﻳﺔ ﻓﻲ ﻛﻠﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﺮﺑﻴﺔ ﺍﻷﺳﺎﺳﻴﺔ ﻟﻤﻌﺮﻓﺔ ﻣﺪﻯ ﺍﺳﺘﻴﻌﺎﺑﻬﻢ ﻟﻠﻤﻌﻨﻰ ﺍﻟﺪﻻﻟﻲ ﻭﺍﻟﻤﻌﻨﻰ ﺍﻟﻮﺍﻗﻌﻲ ﺍﻟﻌﻤﻠﻲ ﻣﻦ ﺧﻼﻝ ﻛﺸﻒ ﺃﺧﻄﺎﺋﻬﻢ ﻭﺗﺤﻠﻴﻠﻬﺎ ﻓﻲ ﺇﺣﺪﻯ ﺍﻟﻨﺼﻮﺹ ﺍﻟﺘﺨﺎﻁﺒﻴﻪ ﻭﺍﻷﺩﺑﻴﺔ ٬ ﻭﻣﻦ ﺧﻼﻝ ﺍﻟﺘﻔﺎﻋﻞ ﻭﺍﻟﺘﻮﺍﺻﻞ ﻻﺳﺘﻌﻤﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﻠﻐﺔ ﻟﻠﻤﺘﻜﻠﻢ ﻭﺍﻟﻤﺘﻠﻘﻲ ﻣﻤﺎ ﻳﺨﻠﻖ ﺃﺣﻴﺎﻧﺎ ﺳﻮء ﺍﻟﻔﻬﻢ ﻟﻤﺎ ﻳﻘﺼﺪﻩ ﺍﻟﻤﺘﺤﺪﺙ ﻭﺧﺎﺻﺔ ﻋﻨﺪ ﻋﺪﻡ ﻓﻬﻢ ﺍﻟﻤﺘﻠﻘﻲ ﻟﻤﺎ ﻳﻘﺼﺪﻩ ﺍﻟﻤﺘﻜﻠﻢ ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺎ ﺩﻭﻥ ﺍﻻﻛﺘﻔﺎء ﺑﻤﻌﻨﻰ ﺍﻟﻜﻼﻡ ﻛﻨﺺ ﻟﻐﻮﻱ ﻟﻮﺣﺪﻩ ﻓﻲ   ﺗﺤﺪﻳﺪ ﻓﻬﻢ ﺍﻟﻤﻌﻨﻰ ﺍﻟﻠﻐﻮﻱ.Pragmatics and Semantics are inter-related subjects and the distinction between them is necessary to provide a framework for explaining the variety of ways in which what a speaker conveys can fail to be fully determined by the (conventional) linguistic meaning of the sentence he utters.   In a more positive vein, the distinction between semantics and pragmatics has served to separate strictly linguistic facts about utterances from those that involve the actions, intentions, and inferences of language users (speaker- hearers). However, there are some linguistic phenomena that seem to straddle the semantics-pragmatics boundary.