Exploring arduino programming in non-formal education context: enhancing middle school students’ interest and motivation

Abstract

Background: Recent literature underscores the importance of programming in preparing students for the challenges of a technologically evolving society. Purpose: This study explores the integration of Arduino programming in a non-formal education context, considering its potential to promote interdisciplinary approaches–particularly in Physics and ICT subjects–and foster students’ interest and motivation. Sample: Eighty Portuguese middle school students participated in the practical activity designed. Design and Methods: During the activity, fundamental concepts of electronics, circuits, and Arduino programming were introduced and explored. Participants completed a questionnaire regarding their interests, motivations, and experiences. The data were supplemented with field notes collected by the research team. Results: Findings show significant student interest in exploring Arduino programming, despite facing challenges such as coding difficulties and limited familiarity with electronic components and circuits. Students expressed enthusiasm for engaging in future activities related to the topic and supported its interdisciplinary integration and they recognized its potential to improve learning outcomes and develop essential competencies and skills. Conclusion: Positive indicators have emerged from this research regarding the implementation of this innovative approach, which could be transposed into a formal education context, such as Physics. This approach not only captivates students’ interest but also empowers them to thrive in an ever-evolving technological landscape.