The approach to sustainable space mining: issues, challenges, and solutions

Abstract

Harvesting and using space resources and energy has always been a dream of mankind for centuries as well as a popular topic for science fiction novels. In recent years, technological development makes space mining possible or even a reality in the near future. Accordingly, not only governments but also ambitious private actors are engaged in space mining activities. In addition to increasing investment, the USA and Luxembourg have erected their national space law to answer industrial needs. However, existing international law fails to address these activities in an effective manner, and many issues remain unresolved. Without further regulation, a laissez-faire approach would be detrimental to the growth of this nascent industry. Some challenges are likely to happen, such as conflicts between multiple States, inequalities in benefits sharing, and environment contamination. As a result, for promoting sustainable exploitation and use of space resources and energy, this article suggests some solutions, including: 1) guaranteeing legal certainty; 2) ensuring sufficient investment; 3) strengthening international cooperation; 4) promoting environment preservation and protection.