Interfaces endowed with nonconstant surface energies revisited with the d'alembert-lagrange principle

Abstract

The equation of motion and the conditions on surfaces and edges between fluids and solids in the presence of nonconstant surface energies, as in the case of surfactants attached to fluid particles at the interfaces, are revisited under the principle of virtual work. We point out that adequate behaviors of surface concentrations may drastically modify the surface tension which naturally appears in the Laplace and the Young-Dupré equations. Thus, the principle of virtual work points out a strong difference between the two revisited concepts of surface energy and surface tension.