The Multidimensional Evolution of the Global Pet Economy: Driving Forces, Industrial Structure, and Sustainable Development Challenges

Abstract

The pet economy has evolved from functional animal use to a multifaceted global industry, driven by pet anthropomorphism and demographic shifts. This paper examines its historical evolution, core sectors (e.g., food, healthcare, technology, and services), and growth drivers, including demographic trends, economic resilience, and emotional consumption. Anthrozoological research underscores pets' role in enhancing human well-being and social capital, while consumption sociology highlights the rise of premium, humanized pet products. Market analysis reveals steady global expansion, particularly in emerging economies like China. However, challenges such as market saturation, affordability crises, ethical concerns (e.g., overbreeding, environmental impacts), and regulatory gaps persist. Future trends may prioritize sustainability, industry consolidation, and pet-tech innovation, alongside bidirectional mental health support. The pet economy reflects shifting societal values, demanding a balance between economic growth and ethical responsibility to ensure equitable, sustainable development.