Advancements in the Synthesis of Oxadiazines, Mechanistic insights and Pathways

Abstract

Oxadiazine has the distinctive structure of a six-membered heterocyclic ring with two nitrogen and one oxygen atoms. This molecule has lately gained substantial attention due to its promising uses in several sectors, including medicines, agrochemicals, and material science. As a result, the synthesis of oxadiazine is extensively explored for its application in pharmaceuticals, pest control, and medical treatments due to its antibacterial, anticancer, anti-inflammatory and insecticidal effects. In this review, we provided a comprehensive overview of oxadiazine‘s synthetic strategies and mechanistic aspects, prioritizing the various novel methods developed for synthesising oxadiazine. We demonstrated the synthesis of various oxadiazine derivatives such as 1,3,4-, 1,3,5-, 1,2,4-, 1,2,5-oxadiazines and the functionalization of this molecule to enhance their bioactivity. In this study, we discussed an overview of synthetic routes, such as cyclization reactions, cycloaddition reactions, catalyst-free and solvent-free reactions, triflate-catalyzed reactions, etc. We highlighted the challenges faced in the reported synthesis, suitable reaction conditions, substrate scope and applications.