Golgi-Colonnier method: Correlation of the degree of chromium reduction and pH change with quality of staining

Abstract

We examined the role of chromium reduction in the Golgi-Colonnier method, correlating the quality of neuronal impregnation with the levels of hexavalent (Cr(VI)) and trivalent (Cr(III)) chromium in the tissue and in the chromation fluid (CF). The concentrations of both chromium species were assessed by measuring spectrophotometrically the Cr(VI) before and after oxidizing the sample and by calculating the ratio of Cr(VI) to total chromium (chromium ratio, CrR). The CrR was almost identical in the tissue and the CF, decreasing exponentially during chromation due to a progressive consumption of Cr(VI) to form Cr(III). Satisfactory cell impregnation was obtained only when the CrR was 0.45-0.7, regardless of other factors. The CrR values could be accurately predicted by the pH increase of the CF; this increase has proven to be a most reliable criterion to decide the endpoint of the chromation process. The dependence of cell staining on the [Cr(III)], together with the well-known ability of this species to bridge proteins, suggests that the key event for cell impregnation is the cross-linking of neuronal proteins by Cr(III) polymers.