Dosing Patterns of Dulaglutide and Semaglutide in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes in the United Kingdom and Germany: A Retrospective Cohort Study

Abstract

Introduction: As new glucagon-like peptide 1 receptor agonist (GLP-1 RA) formulations are available, the aim of this study was to understand dulaglutide and subcutaneous (s.c.) semaglutide dosing patterns in people with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) in the UK and Germany as well as oral semaglutide in the UK. Methods: Adults with evidence of T2DM and a prescription of dulaglutide or semaglutide between August 2020 and December 2021 were identified using the IQVIA Longitudinal Prescription Data (LRx). Patients were divided into cohort 1 (incident users) and cohort 2 (prevalent users) based on previous exposure to GLP-1 RAs and were followed up to 12 months post-index. Results: During the patient selection window in Germany and the UK, 368,320 and 123,548 patients respectively received at least one prescription of a study GLP-1 RA. Among dulaglutide users in Germany at 12 months post-index, the 1.5-mg dosage formulation was the most common for both cohort 1 (65.6%) and 2 (71.2%). Among s.c. semaglutide users at 12 months post-index, 39.2% and 58.4% of cohort 1 received 0.5 mg and 1.0 mg, respectively. In the UK, at 12 months post-index, the most common dulaglutide dosage formulation was 1.5 mg (71.7% cohort 1 and 80.9% cohort 2). Among s.c. semaglutide users at 12 months post-index, 0.5- and 1.0-mg formulations were the most common for both cohort 1 (38.9% and 56.0%, respectively) and cohort 2 (29.5% and 67.1%, respectively). Prescribing of the more recently introduced 3.0- and 4.5-mg formulations for dulaglutide and oral semaglutide was also reported in the study. Conclusion: Dosing patterns of GLP-1 RAs, although similar between the UK and Germany, were heterogeneous over time. Given that the higher dulaglutide doses and oral semaglutide were recently introduced to the market, additional real-world evidence studies which include clinical outcomes is required. Graphical Abstract: [Figure not available: see fulltext.].