A researcher's guide to patents

Abstract

Patents confer negative rights, i.e. the right to exclude the making, selling, or using of the claimed subject matter. Subject matter disclosed in a patent but not expressly and precisely claimed is in the public domain. Patents apply only in the country that issues the patent. MTAs often have patent clauses expressing the expectations of the donor and recipient on exclusivity or licenses under patents for new, useful, and patentable inventions made using the donated material.