The calculation of the solubility of metal hydroxides, oxide-hydroxides, and oxides, and their visualisation in logarithmic diagrams

Abstract

The aim of this text is to show how the solubility (S) of metal hydroxides, oxide-hydroxides, and oxides can be calculated as function of the equilibrium pH of the solutions, taking into account the formation of various cationic and anionic species of metal aqua ions; however excluding all foreign ligands. The plots of log S versus pH are constructed and their applications to treat separations by consecutive precipitation are discussed.