Evaluation of Sensory Properties and Short-Chain Fatty Acid Production in Fermented Soymilk on Addition of Fructooligosaccharides and Raffinose Family of Oligosaccharides

Abstract

High potential is attributed to the concomitant use of probiotics and prebiotics in a single food product, called “synbiotics”, where the prebiotic component distinctly favours the growth and activity of probiotic microbes. This study implemented a detailed comparison between the prebiotic effect of Fructooligosaccharides (FOSs) and Raffinose family oligosaccharides (RFOs) on the viable count of bacteria, hydrolysis into monosaccharides, the biosynthesis of short-chain fatty acids and sensory attributes of soymilk fermented with 1% (v/v) co-cultures of Lacticaseibacillus rhamnosus JCM1136 and Weissella confusa 30082b. The highest viable count of 1.21 × 109 CFU/mL was observed in soymilk with 3% RFOs added as a prebiotic source compared with MRS broth with 3% RFOs (3.21 × 108) and 3% FOS (6.2 × 107 CFU/mL) when replaced against glucose in MRS broth. Raffinose and stachyose were extensively metabolised (4.75 and 1.28-fold decrease, respectively) in 3% RFOs supplemented with soymilk, and there was an increase in glucose, galactose, fructose (2.36, 1.55, 2.76-fold, respectively) in soymilk supplemented with 3% FOS. Synbiotic soymilk with 3% RFOs showed a 99-fold increase in methyl propionate, while the one supplemented with 3% FOS showed an increase in methyl butyrate. The highest acceptability based on the sensory attributes was for soymilk fermented with 2% RFOs + 2% FOS + 2% table sugar + 1% vanillin (7.87 ± 0.52) with high mouth feel, product consistency, taste, and flavour. This study shows that the simultaneous administration of soy with probiotic bacteria and prebiotic oligosaccharides like FOSs and RFOs enhance the synergistic interaction between them, which upgraded the nutritional and sensory quality of synbiotic soymilk.