Occurrence and antimicrobial resistance of pathogenic escherichia coli and salmonella spp. in retail raw table eggs sold for human consumption in enugu state, nigeria

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Abstract

Aim: This study was conducted to investigate the occurrence of pathogenic Escherichia coli and Salmonella species inretail raw table eggs sold for human consumption in Enugu State and to determine the resistance of these pathogens toantimicrobials commonly used in human and veterinary practices in Nigeria.Materials and Methods: A total of 340 raw table eggs comprising 68 composite samples (5 eggs per composite sample)were collected from five selected farms (13 composite samples from the farms) and 10 retail outlets (55 composite samplesfrom the retail outlets) in the study area over a period of 4-month (March-June, 2014). The eggs were screened for pathogenicE. coli and Salmonella species following standard procedures within 24 h of sample collection. Isolates obtained weresubjected to in-vitro antimicrobial susceptibility test with 15 commonly used antimicrobials using the disk diffusion method.Results: About 37 (54.4%) and 7 (10.3%) of the 68 composite samples were positive for pathogenic E. coli andSalmonella species, respectively. The shells showed significantly higher (p>0.05) contaminations than the contents forboth microorganisms. The eggs from the farms showed higher contamination with pathogenic E. coli than eggs from theretail outlets while the reverse was the case for Salmonella species even though they were not significant (p>0.05). Theorganisms obtained showed a multiple drug resistance. They were completely resistant to nitrofurantoin, sulfamethoxazole/trimethoprim, penicillin G and oxacillin. In addition to these, Salmonella spp. also showed 100% resistance to tetracycline.The pathogenic E. coli isolates obtained were 100% susceptible to gentamicin, neomycin, ciprofloxacin, and amoxicillinclavulanicacid while Salmonella spp. showed 100% susceptibility to erythromycin, neomycin, and rifampicin. Bothorganisms showed varying degrees of resistance to streptomycin, amoxicillin, vancomycin, and doxycycline.Conclusion: From the results of the study, it can be concluded that the raw table eggs marketed for human consumption inEnugu State, Nigeria is contaminated with pathogenic E. coli and Salmonella species that showed multiple drug resistanceto antimicrobial agents commonly used in veterinary and human practice.

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Okorie-Kanu, O. J., Ezenduka, E. V., Okorie-Kanu, C. O., Ugwu, L. C., & Nnamani, U. J. (2016). Occurrence and antimicrobial resistance of pathogenic escherichia coli and salmonella spp. in retail raw table eggs sold for human consumption in enugu state, nigeria. Veterinary World, 9(11), 1312–1319. https://doi.org/10.14202/vetworld.2016.1312-1319

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