Diabetes y embarazo

Abstract

Objective: the present work was aimed at reviewing the epidemiology, clinical classification, diagnosis and treatment of pre-gestational and gestational diabetes. Materials and methods: PUBMED/Medline, Cochrane and SciELO databases were searched using the following key-words: diabetes, gestational diabetes, pre-gestational diabetes, diabetes and pregnancy. References from articles in journals and texts mainly from the last five years were also sought. This search produced 79 references from which the 35 most relevant ones were taken, bearing the following key words in mind: meta analysis, review article, state of the art, double-blind, randomized study and clinical practice guidelines. Results: good control of glycemia during pregnancy avoids or reduces maternal and foetal complications. It is known that women have suffered diabetes prior to their becoming pregnant in 0.2%-0.3% of all pregnancies and that gestational diabetes complicates 1%-14% of all pregnancies. WHO criteria require > 140 mg/dl glycemia at 2 hours post-test, 7S g oral glucose being necessary for diagnosing gestational diabetes. Diagnosis can also be made from two glycemia readings of > 105 mg/dl on an empty stomach or one > 126 mg/dl glycemia reading on an empty stomach or a > 200 mg/dl glycemia reading regardless of the time of day and time of the last meal. Conclusion: better control of figures for glycemia during pregnancy was associated with greater foetal well-being.