Reactive oxygen species buildup in photochemically aged iron- and copper-doped secondary organic aerosol proxy

Abstract

The toxicity of particulate matter (PM) is highly related to the concentration of particle-bound reactive oxygen species (ROS). Chemical properties, including dissolved metals and the sources of PM, influence ROS production and ROS oxidative potential. Here, the photochemical aging of a secondary organic aerosol proxy (citric acid, CA) with metal complexes (iron–citrate, FeIII(Cit)) is assessed toward the production of particle-bound ROS with an online instrument (OPROSI). We studied the photochemically induced redox chemistry in iron/copper–citrate particles experimentally with an aerosol flow tube (AFT), mimicking atmospheric UV aging. Experiments were performed at different relative humidity (RH) levels, leading to variation in the physicochemical properties of the particles, e.g., viscosity. We found that UV-aged CA aerosol containing 10 mol % FeIII generated ROS concentrations on the order of 0.1 nmol H2O2 eq. µg−1, indicating the photochemically driven formation of peroxides. An increase in RH leads to only a slight but overall lower concentration of ROS, possibly due to a loss of volatile HO2 and H2O2 in the gas phase in the less viscous particles. The RH effect is enhanced in absence of oxygen. Compared to the FeIII(Cit)/CA particles, the iron/copper–citrate samples show a uniformly decreased ROS level. Interestingly, in the high-RH nitrogen experiment with copper, we found an enhanced drop in the ROS concentration down to 0.02 nmol H2O2 eq. µg−1 compared to all other irradiation experiments. We suggest that copper may suppress radical redox reactions, and when particles are more viscous, ROS are still produced with photochemistry, but the levels are more sensitive to the presence of copper than under humid or lower-viscosity conditions.