Novel Biomarkers of Contrast-Induced Kidney Injury after Endovascular Procedures: An Interventional Cardiologists Notion

Abstract

Modern achievements of interventional cardiology in treatment of coronary heart disease (CHD) have significantly increased frequency of interventions and volume of contrast media (CM). Contrast-induced acute kidney injury (CIAKI) associated with CM administration is determined by 26.5 μmol/l increase in serum creatinine (SCr) within 48 - 72 hours or > 1.5-fold SCr increase versus its known or estimated level in the previous 7 days. Without effective disease management, prevention with early CIAKI risk stratification and cessation of nephrotoxic medications taken by patients are important. Given significant complexity in existing CIAKI treatment, modern therapeutic options are limited only to adequate renal injury prevention. The problem’s significance and diagnostic limitations associated with SCr definition require search for clinically and diagnostically significant AKI biomarkers. In terms of coronarography and percutaneous coronary interventions, several studies have been conducted on clinical and diagnostic significance of some biomarkers. This article characterizes and discloses prospective practical use of neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin (NGAL), liver-type fatty acid binding protein (L-FABP), kidney injury molecule-1 (KIM-1), cystatin C (CysC) and interleukins-6,8,18 (IL-6,8,18) in interventional cardiology.