Pd-Catalyzed Carbonylations of Aryl/Heteroaryl Halides in Aqueous Micellar Media

Abstract

Formation of amides, acids, and thioesters are readily fashioned from precursor aryl/heteroaryl halides under micellar catalysis conditions using W(CO)6as a source of carbon monoxide. Loadings of ligated palladium catalysts are usually in the 0.5 mol % range. Yields with iodides tended to be higher than those using bromides. Applications to targets in the pharmaceutical industry are demonstrated, as are cases from the Merck Informer Library. Both E Factor calculations and options for recycling the aqueous reaction medium are presented.