Forest stream biota carbon: Nitrogen ratios are unaffected by nutrient subsidies from breeding Westland petrels (Procellaria westlandica)

Abstract

Stable isotope studies have repeatedly shown marine nutrient incorporation from seabirds, anadromous fish and tidal wrack into terrestrial and freshwater ecosystems. However, little is known about the physiological consequences of marine-derived nutrient subsidies. Protein content and lipid storage are important physiologically, and the C: N ratio is a widely used proxy that reflects changes in these quantities. In this study we tested the response of C: N ratios in stream biota to the presence of marine-derived nutrients from Westland petrels, a forest breeding seabird. Samples of different stream invertebrate functional feeding groups, predatory freshwater fish, coarse particulate organic matter and riparian soil and vegetation came from four reference streams and four streams with a wide range of seabird densities. Samples were analysed for percentage C, percentage N and δ 15 N using isotope ratio mass spectrometry. The data were tested against petrel colony size, stream size and distance from colony to sampling site. Despite increased δ 15 N accompanying petrel presence (as reported previously), Westland petrels had no effect on stream biota C: N ratios, regardless of colony presence or absence or colony size. Despite the nutrients provided by petrels, we conclude that petrel N replaced rather than enhanced non-marine N in these stream ecosystems.