Quadratus lumborum block is feasible alternative to epidural block for postoperative analgesia after open radical cystectomy: surgical and oncological outcomes of a randomised clinical trial

Abstract

Objective: The current lack of standardised perioperative pain management protocols for open radical cystectomy (ORC) underscores the need for alternative approaches to the longstanding tradition of epidural block. The aim of this study was to assess the impact of bilateral single injection quadratum lumborum block (QLB) on patients’ recovery and complication rates compared with epidural analgesia after ORC in a single-centre, randomised, parallel-group trial including adult patients with bladder cancer. Material and methods: Consecutive ORC patients were randomly allocated into QLB and the epidural group. The primary endpoint of this study was related to opioid consumption, and the results have been published earlier. This report focuses on secondary outcomes. Results: This study included a total of 41 patients, with 20 patients in the QLB group and 21 patients in the epidural group. Finally, 39 patients were included in the analysis. There was a trend for more frequent need for postoperative norepinephrine and fluid support in the epidural group but without statistical significance. Postoperative complication rate was similar. Two patients in the epidural group compared to none in the QLB group were rehospitalised within 30 and 90 days. Mortality rate within 90 days was higher in the epidural group (4 vs. 0 patients, P = 0.064). Conclusions: In this trial, there were no significant differences in surgical and oncological outcomes after ORC when QLB is compared with epidural block for postoperative analgesia.