Atlas of alien plants of Madrid, I. Monilophyta-Gymnospermae

Abstract

This paper includes the first part of the atlas of alien plant of the Community of Madrid, which includes the taxa of ferns and gymnosperms. Only taxa that grow outside urban areas, parks and gardens, both introduced and naturalized, have been considered. In total, 48 taxa, 2 of ferns and 46 of gymnosperms (32 Pinaceae and 14 Cupressaceae) have been analyzed. Of these, 33 taxa (1 Salviniaceae, 21 Pinaceae, 11 Cupressaceae) have been considered, including distribution maps, while in another 15 their presence nowadays is doubtful, or are only located in urban areas. The species of Pinaceae dominate as a result of forest plantations. Many of the considered species have the capacity to naturalize (there is evidence in 19 of them), although their expansion is limited, not being invasive; only Azolla filiculoides Lam. has an invasive behaviour, although its distribution in Madrid seems stable.