VLBI Observations of Supernova PTF11qcj: Direct Constraints on the Size of the Radio Ejecta

Abstract

We present High Sensitivity Array and enhanced Multi-Element Remotely Linked Interferometer Network observations of the radio-loud broad-lined Type Ic supernova PTF11qcj obtained ∼7.5 yr after the explosion. Previous observations of this supernova at 5.5 yr since explosion showed a double-peaked radio light curve accompanied by a detection in the X-rays, but no evidence for broad H α spectral features. The Very Long Baseline Interferometry (VLBI) observations presented here show that the PTF11qcj GHz radio ejecta remains marginally resolved at the submilliarcsecond level ≈7.5 yr after the explosion, pointing toward a nonrelativistic expansion. Our VLBI observations thus favor a scenario in which the second peak of the PTF11qcj radio light curve is related to the strong interaction of the supernova ejecta with a circumstellar medium of variable density, rather than to the emergence of an off-axis jet. Continued VLBI monitoring of PTF11qcj in the radio may further strengthen this conclusion.