Prevention and management of ERCP-related complications

Abstract

Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) and its related procedures are established as necessary and indispensable techniques in the diagnosis and treatment of bilio-pancreatic diseases. However, these procedures are associated with a high risk of complications, and caution is needed as the complications may occasionally follow a fatal course. The primary complications are pancreatitis, bleeding, perforation, and issues associated with biliary stents and lithiasis treatment. Endoscopists must perform ERCP with a strong understanding of the mechanisms of each of these complications and should be familiar with the prevention and countermeasures.