Production and Characterization of Hydroxyapatite Bone Substitute Material Performed from Indonesian Limestone

Abstract

Limestone which is one of the raw materials for the manufacture of materials and medical devices obtained scattered in almost all provinces in Indonesia. In this paper, the making hydroxyapatite using limestone as the raw material was studied. Synthesis of hydroxyapatite was done using precipitation method. The main material of forming a hydroxyapatite in this study is diammonium hydrogen phosphate and calcination of limestone at 900 0 C for 4 hours that produce calcium oxide (CaO). The pure calcium oxide was observed in order to know the effect of calcium solution addition rate and calcium precursor size. The calcium oxide precursor was prepared with high energy milling (HEM). HEM usage is intended to produce a precursor size of calcium in nano size. Furthermore, the characterization of second phase precursors using x-ray diffraction (XRD), analysis of morphology and element content using scanning electron microscopy-energy dispersive X-ray (SEM-EDX) and analyzes the size and distribution of particles of calcium resulted from milling using a particle size analyzer (PSA).