Women and Minorities in Otolaryngology: A Historical Perspective and Analysis of Current Representation

Abstract

Over the course of the last century, otolaryngology–head and neck surgery has made significant medical and surgical advancements. Several of these efforts are credited to women and minorities despite their having faced systemic barriers to entering medical schools and the medical professions. This article highlights some of these pioneering doctors and their contributions to the field. Additionally, the current representation of women and minorities in otolaryngology residency programs and the gender and racial disparities in academic positions are reviewed. The need for mentorship during undergraduate medical education to improve diversity and inclusion within this surgical subspecialty is reinforced.