ONC201 and an MEK inhibitor trametinib synergistically inhibit the growth of triple-negative breast cancer cells

Abstract

Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is a heterogeneous group of estrogen, progesterone, and HER2-negative breast cancers with poor clinical outcomes. The imipridone ONC201 is a G- protein-coupled dopamine receptor D2 modulator and an allosteric agonist of the mitochondrial protease caseinolytic protease P(ClpP), which induces apoptosis. Here, we aimed to develop a novel ONC201-based combination therapy targeting TNBC. We performed a reverse-phase protein array analysis of ONC201-treated/-untreated and -sensitive/-resistant cell lines to identify potential predictive biomarkers. A principal component analysis using measured protein expression levels, the apoptosis score (AS), and heatmaps of all the measured protein and AS-related protein expression levels did not show a clear correlation between the expression levels of a specific protein and ONC201 efficacy. Three-dimensional RNA interference kinome-wide library screening revealed the MAPK and PI3K/Akt pathways as potential synergistic therapeutic partners. The combination with the MEK inhibitor trametinib successfully inhibited the growth of both ONC201-sensitive/-resistant TNBC cell lines. The baseline ClpP level correlated with the efficacy of single-agent ONC201. Single and combination therapy increased caspase 3/7 activity. The predictive biomarkers and a detailed mechanism of synergy beyond an induction of caspase activation should be tested for translation into future studies.