Myocardial Infraction: Etiology, Risk Factors, Pathophysiology, Diagnosis and Management

Abstract

Cardiovascular disease is considered the major cause of morbidity and mortality throughout the world. Also myocardial infraction is the main health problem. In 2015, about 15.9 million myocardial infraction occurred throughout the world. In the United States about one million people have an MI each year. Modifiable risk factors include high blood pressure, smoking, diabetes, lack of exercise, obesity, depression, high blood cholesterol, poor diet, life style and excessive alcohol intake. Family history is also responsible for cardiovascular disease. Reperfusion injury include coronary thrombus formation followed by thrombolytic therapy. By the physical examination with electrocardiogram findings and cardiac markers MI is diagnosed. Therapeutic intervention such as pharmacologic, non-pharmacologic and combination therapy improves the clinical outcomes in MI patient. This review focus on the risk factors, pathophysiology in relation to produce myocardial injury and on the cardioprotective treatment.