Divergent trajectories of lean vs obese non-alcoholic steatohepatitis patients from listing to post-transplant: A retrospective cohort study

Abstract

BACKGROUND Non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) cirrhosis is the second most common indication for liver transplantation (LT). The role of body mass index (BMI) on outcomes of NASH cirrhosis has been conflicting. AIM To compare the longitudinal trajectories of patients with lean vs obese NASH cirrhosis, from listing up to post-transplant, having adjusted their BMI for ascites. METHODS We retrospectively reviewed all adult NASH patients listed for LT in our program from 2012 to 2019. Fine-Gray Competing Risk analyses and Cox Proportional- Hazard Models were performed to examine the cumulative incidence of transplant and survival outcomes respectively. RESULTS Out of 265 NASH cirrhosis listed patients, 176 were included. Median age was 61.0 years; 46% were females. 111 patients underwent LT. Obese robust patients had better waitlist survival [hazard ratio (HR): 0.12; 95%CI: 0.05-0.29, P < 0.0001] with higher instantaneous rate of transplant (HR: 5.71; 95%CI: 1.26-25.9, P = 0.02). Lean NASH patients had a substantially higher risk of graft loss within 90 d post-LT (1.2% vs 13.8%, P = 0.032) and death post-LT (2.4% vs 17.2%, P = 0.029). 1- 3- and 5-year graft survival was poor for lean NASH (78.6%, 77.3% and 41.7% vs 98.6%, 96% and 85% respectively). Overall patient survival post-LT was significantly worse in lean NASH (HR: 0.17; 95%CI: 0.03-0.86, P = 0.0142) with 83% lower instantaneous rate of death in obese group. CONCLUSION Although lean NASH is considered to be more benign than obese NASH, our study suggests a paradoxical correlation of lean NASH with waitlist outcomes, and graft and patient survival post- LT.