Ontario Agriculture in the 1910s: The Move Toward Regional Specialization in Crop Production

  • Bowley P
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Abstract

Until the beginning of the 1910s, mixed farming was the most common type of agriculture in Ontario and was based on "self-subsistence": the farm family produced as many of the essentials of life as possible and traded for the other things they needed. During the decade 1910-1920, specialization was recognized as the most practical way to earn a comfortable living at farming. There were two important reasons for this move: the recognition that all crops were not adapted to each climatic and geographic region of Ontario; and the desire to farm according to the principles of soil conservation or "good farming" while still maximizing profits. The Ontario Department of Agriculture in conjunction with the Ontario Agricultural College at Guelph was very active in conducting research and extension work. Through these programs, farmers were able to choose the particular crops and soil management systems which were the best for them.Jusqu’au début des années 1910, la plupart des fermiers ontariens pratiquaient une agriculture mixte et visaient d’abord l’auto-suffisance, les surplus étant vendus pour se procurer les autres biens nécessaires à la vie rurale. Au cours de la décennie 1910-1920, la spécialisation commence à être perçue comme un moyen pratique d’améliorer les revenus de la ferme et le niveau de vie de la famille. La prise de conscience que les conditions climatiques et géographiques ne sont pas également favorables à toutes les récoltes et le désir de conserver la qualité du sol tout en maximisant les profits, sont deux facteurs importants qui expliquent ce mouvement de spécialisation agricole. Le Ministère ontarien de l’agriculture et le Collège ontarien d’agriculture de Guelph ont joué un rôle actif dans la recherche et la diffusion des connaissances en agriculture. Leurs programmes ont ainsi permis aux fermiers de choisir les plantations et les méthodes de gestion des sols les mieux adaptées à leur situation géographique et climatique.

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APA

Bowley, P. (2009). Ontario Agriculture in the 1910s: The Move Toward Regional Specialization in Crop Production. Scientia Canadensis, 20, 100–121. https://doi.org/10.7202/800398ar

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