Inorganic Nanoparticles Containing Plant-Derived Compounds for Kidney Treatment

Abstract

Several studies have shown that many kidney diseases are associated with oxidative stress caused by factors such as changes in diet, environmental pollution, and the excessive use of medications, which contribute to cellular damage in the kidneys. This pathology, whose prevalence is increasing, presents a significant challenge for current medicine due to the multiple physiological barriers that limit the effectiveness of conventional treatments. In response to this issue, inorganic nanoparticles synthesized through green methods, using derivatives from medicinal plants as antioxidants (such as flavonoids and polyphenols, among others), have emerged as a promising therapeutic alternative. This approach not only avoids the use of toxic chemical reagents but also allows for the design of nanoparticles with specific physicochemical properties, such as size, charge, and shape, which facilitate their passage through the digestive system, evasion of the immune system, and targeted delivery to renal tissue. The objective of this study is to analyze the potential of inorganic nanoparticles as an innovative therapeutic strategy for the treatment and prevention of kidney diseases, leveraging their ability to protect the kidneys from oxidative damage caused by reactive oxygen species.