Development of a Japanese version of the Caregiving System Scale and examination of its validity and reliability

Abstract

The Caregiving System Scale (CSS: Shaver, Mikulincer, & Shemesh-Iron, 2010) was recently developed measure designed to assess the individual differences in the caregiving internal working model. The purpose of the present study was to translate the CSS into Japanese (CSS-J) and evaluate its validity and reliability. To accomplish this, we conducted four studies. In Study 1 (n = 600), we translated the CSS and replicated its two-factor model based on confirmatory factor analysis. After that, in Study 2 (n = 315), we examined the correlations between the CSS and other variables for criterion-related validation. In Study 3 (n = 229), we determined that previous helping success or failure experiences influenced a person's current anxiety and avoidance levels, as measured by the CSS-J. In Study 4 (n = 31), we examined the test-retest reliability of the CSS-J among some participants from Study 3. The results of these four studies confirmed the validity and reliability of the CSS-J. We concluded that the CSS-J is useful for studying the various aspects of helping and attachment theory.