Multidisciplinary approach to an elderly patient with severe congestive heart failure

Abstract

A 77-year-old woman with severe valvular heart disease and chronic renal failure was admitted to hospital for control of her heart condition and to improve her ability to perform activities of daily living. In the past 2 years, she had been admitted to hospital four times due to severe congestive heart failure, and she was bedridden because of muscle weakness. A multidisciplinary approach was taken. A cardiologist reassessed her medications and determined an exercise level in co-operation with a physical therapist. After 40 days of rehabilitation, the patient was able to walk 200 m without the help of a cane. With an increase in the exercise level, her cardiothoracic ratio increased from 68 to 74%. The furosemid was then increased from 40 to 60 mg per day and 20 mg of denopamine was added, which resulted in a decrease of the cardiothoracic ratio to 66%. Dietary assessment revealed her usual salt intake was more than 10 g per day, and the dietitian advised the patient that her daily salt intake should be lower than 7 g and water intake less than 800 ml per day. Consultations with social-service personnel made revealed problems in her family and living environment, and she was advised of available social services. For good compliance, the patient had her medication explained by a pharmacist. Assessment of activities of her daily living and intensive education about congestive heart failure were performed by the nurse in charge. After discharge, a nurse team visited her home every two weeks and watched for signs of heart failure. This comprehensive intervention prevented an exacerbation of heart failure and readmission for nine months.