Curative embolization for low-grade AVMs: ready for prime time?

Abstract

Embolization of parenchymal arteriovenous malformations (AVMs) was initially intended as palliative therapy or as an adjunct in preparation for microsurgical resection. However, with the introduction of liquid embolic agents, several groups since the mid-1990s have, in different waves, promulgated embolization as a potentially curative therapy. The possibility of curative embolization received a further boost by the introduction of modern embolic agents that allow for safer and prolonged injections while affording full penetration of the nidus