Enrichment of the Usage of Solar Purification of Water by Employing Hybrid Nanofluid Mixtures

Abstract

In terms of human needs, water has traditionally been regarded as the most significant bioresource. However, there are still limitations on the quality and mobility of drinking water. Renewable energy technologies are at the forefront of research to bridge the gap between conventional fuels and renewable energy systems. Currently, the main objective is to speed up the solar water disinfection process of contaminated water when hybrid nanofluid mixtures are added. Five hybrid nanofluid mixtures containing different amounts of aluminum oxide (Al2O3) and Titanium oxide (TiO2) nanoparticles were used in this study, focusing on how they affected the solar disinfection of polluted water. Five hybrid nanofluid mixtures of different volumes and volume concentrations were used for this purpose; each one was introduced into a contaminated water-contained glass container with a volume of 500 mL. Additionally, a sixth container, used exclusively for comparison, was filled with tainted water. All containers were installed next to each other and exposed to solar radiation for simultaneous measures under identical metrological conditions. During the experimental time, and after exposure to sun radiation for one, two, and three hours, samples were taken from each bottle. to gauge the toll of Total coliforms and E. coli by using the IDEXX setup. It was found that adding a hybrid nanofluid mixture of any composition speeds up the disinfection process. Additionally, it was found that the optimal concentration of the hybrid nanofluid mixture to cut down the Total Coliform was with a volume concentration of 250 mL of Al2O3 and 250 mL of TiO2, while that to cut down the E. coli count was 400 mL of Al2O3 and 100 mL of TiO2. Finally, it may be concluded that among all hybrid mixtures used, the hybrid nanofluid with a volume concentration of 250 mL of Al2O3 and 250 mL of TiO2 is the most efficient in the solar water disinfection process.