Review On Recent Advances In Soil Liquefaction

Abstract

Liquefaction refers to weakening soil's strength and stiffness due to rapid loading, such as earthquake shaking. This process is akin to a solid turning into a liquid under heat or pressure, allowing particles to move more freely, like ice melting or metals softening when heated. Now, it has become a great challenge to avoid liquefaction, and it can be achieved through three factors such as avoiding susceptible liquefaction, building liquefaction-resistant structures, and improving the soil. This article briefly explains the recent advances in measuring liquefaction and how to avoid liquefaction using our modern techniques. The Standard Penetration test, Cone Penetration test, shear wave velocity measurements, cyclic simple shear test, triaxial test, and field liquefaction potential evaluation are the techniques used to determine the liquefaction potential in soil. Ground improvement techniques, such as soil compaction, Vibro compaction, deep soil mixing, and the use of reinforcing materials, show promise in reducing liquefaction risk. Advanced numerical modeling and artificial intelligence applications have also emerged as valuable tools for predicting liquefaction. Seismic design codes and zoning regulations help to design a structure to withstand soil liquefaction. Educating communities about liquefaction risks and promoting construction practices also avoids the risks in seismic-prone regions. Knowledge from these studies provides a foundation for developing more robust infrastructure and designing effective strategies to minimize the impact of liquefaction on communities in seismic-prone regions.