Assessment of Genetic Diversity in Various Yield Traits to Determine a High Yielding New Type of Upland Rice

Abstract

This experiment's objective was to estimate the genetic diversity of F5 populations on various yield components for developing high-yielding upland rice. The experiment was carried out from April to August 2018 at Semarang Village, Bengkulu, Indonesia. Plant materials used in the experiment were 160 accessions of F4, obtained from a pedigree selection of crossing between two local landraces (Sriwijaya and Bugis) and two introduced accessions (IR-148 and IR-7858-1). The experiment was arranged in Augmented Design with a spaced planting system (20 x 20 cm). The variance between populations was determined by Principal Component Analysis (PCA) with XLSTAT version 9.0. Broad sense genetic diversity was found for the number of traits, such as number of panicles, the total number of grains per panicle, number of empty grains per panicle, number of filled grain per panicle, percentage of empty grain, the weight of 1000 grains, the weight of grain per hill, which potentially improved high yielding. These genotypes were categorized into three groups. Group I showed superior traits for the total number of grains per panicle, the number of filled grain per panicle, weight of 1000 grains, and weight of grain per hill found in genotypes BKL4-B-2, BKL3-B-3, BKL4-B-3, BKL3-B-2. Group II had superior traits for panicle length, the number of empty grains per panicle, and the percentage of empty grain were BKL1-RS*1-3, BKL1-RS*1-1, BKL3-RS*1-1, BKL3-RS*1-3, BKL1-RS*1-2, BKL2-RS*1-2, and BKL2-RS*1-1. Groups III was superior to the number of panicle traits found in genotypes BKL2-B-2, BKL3-B-1, BKL1-B-1, BKL1-B-2, and BKL2-B-1.