Smart Stretchable Electronics for Advanced Human–Machine Interface

Abstract

The recent development of human–machine interface (HMI) involves advances in wearable devices that safely interact with the human body while providing high mechanical compliance. Various cutting-edge technologies such as highly stretchable electronics, multiple sensor fusion, and wearable exoskeletons have enabled a higher level of interactivity. Notably, recent developments using machine intelligence have achieved unprecedented performance and solved various challenges. Herein, the recent progresses in stretchable HMI including stretchable sensors, stretchable actuating systems, and machine intelligence-aided stretchable devices are presented, and their principles and working mechanisms are discussed.