Minimum leaf conductance during drought: unravelling its variability and impact on plant survival

Abstract

Leaf water loss after stomatal closure is key to understanding the effects of prolonged drought on vegetation. It is therefore important to accurately quantify such water losses to improve physiology-based models of drought-induced plant mortality. We measured water loss of detached leaves continuously during dehydration in nine woody angiosperm species. We computed minimum leaf conductance (gmin) at different water potential thresholds along a sequence of physiological function losses, spanning from turgor loss point to hydraulic failure. A mechanistic model evaluated the impact of different gmin estimations on the time to hydraulic failure (THF). Residual conductance is not steady and decreases continuously at varying rates across species during the entire dehydration process, even after correcting for leaf shrinkage and vapor pressure deficit shifts. Different estimations of gmin had a significant impact on the THF predicted by the model, especially for drought-resistant species. We demonstrate that residual conductance is variable during dehydration, and thus, it is important to use physiological or water status boundaries for its estimation in order to determine distinct gmin values of water loss. We describe an accurate, repeatable and open-source methodology to estimate gmin. Such methodology could enhance models of plant mortality under drought.