Dynamics of Local Government Policies in Providing Recognition and Protection of Customary Law Communities in Maluku

Abstract

The problem of protecting and recognizing the rights of Customary Law Communities in Indonesia, including in Maluku, from the perspective of local government policies, is still being underestimated, even though Article 18 B paragraph (2) of the constitution has given recognition and respect to the unity of Customary Law Communities and their traditional rights, However is it that to get recognition of the status of customary villages in several negeri in the districts of Maluku and disputes over the mata rumah parentah still occur frequently. This study raises issues regarding legal protection and problems regarding the recognition of the rights of Customary Law Communities in districts/cities in Maluku by using statutory, conceptual approaches and case studies of court decisions relating to the rights of Customary Law Communities. Based on the results of the study it was found that the Provincial Government had issued a policy to provide customary law protection in Maluku which became the basis for establishing customary villages in Ambon City and Tual City, however, there are still regencies that have not provided recognition in the form of regional regulations for establishing customary villages, such as in West Seram Regency and Central Maluku Regency due to weak local government commitment and juridical problems.Masalah perlindungan dan pengakuan hak-hak Masyarakat Hukum Adat di Indonesia, termasuk di Maluku, dari perspektif kebijakan pemerintah daerah, masih dipandang sebelah mata, meskipun Pasal 18 B ayat (2) konstitusi telah memberikan pengakuan dan penghormatan terhadap kesatuan Masyarakat Hukum Adat dan hak-hak tradisional mereka, Namun demikiankah untuk mendapatkan pengakuan status desa adat di beberapa negeri di Kabupaten Maluku dan sengketa mata rumah parentah masih sering terjadi. Penelitian ini mengangkat isu- isu mengenai perlindungan hukum dan permasalahan mengenai pengakuan hak-hak Masyarakat Hukum Adat di kabupaten/kota di Maluku dengan menggunakan pendekatan hukum, konseptual dan studi kasus putusan pengadilan yang berkaitan dengan hak-hak Masyarakat Hukum Adat. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian ditemukan bahwa Pemerintah Provinsi telah mengeluarkan kebijakan untuk memberikan perlindungan hukum adat di Maluku yang menjadi dasar pembentukan kampung adat di Kota Ambon dan Kota Tual, namun demikian masih terdapat kabupaten yang belum memberikan pengakuan berupa peraturan daerah untuk mendirikan desa adat, seperti di Kabupaten Seram Bagian Barat dan Kabupaten Maluku Tengah karena lemahnya komitmen pemerintah daerah dan masalah yuridis.