Effect of Propolis, a Honeybee Product, Against a Parasite (Ligictaluridus floridanus) from Catfish (Ictalurus punctatus) Gills

Abstract

Purpose: The aim of this study was to evaluate the in vitro and in vivo efficacy of propolis against Ligictaluridus floridanus on Ictalurus punctatus gills. Methods: This study used an ethanol extract of propolis at a concentration of 300 mg mL−1, with a total polyphenol concentration of 2.77 mg mL−1 as determined by chromatography. In vitro trial used propolis concentrations at 5, 30 as well as 60 mg L–1 and a 70% ethanol control group to treat naturally infected catfish. The in vivo experiment was 16 weeks in duration, consisting of seventy-two fish infected by cohabitation and subjected to one-hour baths every 72 h during the trial. Results: In vitro studies showed that parasites exposed to 60 mg L−1 of propolis displayed a significant reduction (p < 0.05) in their survival time. In vivo studies confirmed the reduction of intensity and abundance of Ligictaluridus floridanus on the gills of channel catfish. Conclusion: This study has provided the first challenge of propolis against L. floridanus on I. punctatus gills and shows that propolis has an anthelmintic effect.