Changes in physical and chemical properties of Opuntia dillenii fruits during the growing stages

Abstract

This study was conducted to enlarge the knowledge about the changes in physical and chemical properties of Opuntia dillenii fruits during the growing stages. Significant increases were observed in weight of ten fruits, ratio of pulp/peel, seeds percentage, firmness, width and length. In addition, the levels of total soluble solids, total sugars, reducing sugars, ascorbic acid, total phenolic compounds and antioxidant activity significantly increased, but the pH decreased. In addition, the maximum values of the properties were observed at 210 DAFB (Days After Full Bloom). The content of betalains significantly increased and the maximum value was 100.47 mg/100 g at 210 DAFB. However, the content of total chlorophylls significantly decreased and the lowest level was 1.65 mg/L at 210 DAFB. Also, the highest level of (a*) and the lowest level of (b*) were recorded at 210 DAFB. Therefore, the Opuntia dillenii fruits should be harvested at 210 DAFB under the Egyptian conditions.