Unraveling DNA Variations in Genes Underlying Haploid Induction through Genomic Exploration of a Mutagenized Tomato Population

Abstract

Tomatoes (Solanum lycopersicum) serve as a valuable model for genetic research due to their economic significance and relatively simple genome. Enhancing tomato crop resilience against biotic and abiotic stressors is crucial for improving yield, quality, and profitability. Haploid induction (HI) offers a rapid pathway to generating pure lines and accelerating breeding efforts. This study explored the application of Ethyl Methanesulfonate (EMS) mutagenesis in tomato breeding, focusing on the M1, M2, and M3 generations. Key phenotypic variations, including determinate growth habits, blossom drop and variegated chloroplast mutants, were observed, indicating EMS-induced genetic diversity. The study further delved into haploid induction by targeting the DMP gene (Solyc05g007920) linked to haploid induction. Through the TILLING and high-resolution melt (HRM) analysis, point mutations in the DMP gene were detected in the M3 generation, with deep sequencing revealing SNPs that may impact protein function. These findings highlight the efficacy of EMS mutagenesis for enhancing genetic diversity and advancing haploid induction research in tomatoes, paving the potential for developing improved breeding lines.