Current Role and Future Frontiers of Spatial Transcriptomics in Genitourinary Cancers

Abstract

Malignant genitourinary tumors have demonstrated a rising incidence and are characterized by significant morbidity and mortality. Advances in sequencing technologies have greatly enhanced our understanding of the genetic and molecular mechanisms that drive tumor biology. In recent years, spatial transcriptomics technologies have rapidly evolved, enabling precise quantification and visualization of gene expression within the spatial context of tissues. Unlike conventional transcriptomics, which focuses on gene expression levels, spatial transcriptomics provides additional insights into the spatial distribution of genes within tissues, cellular composition, and cell-to-cell interactions within biological samples. In this narrative review, we outline the emerging role and future potential of spatial transcriptomics technology in genitourinary cancers.