Clinical and biochemical profile of individuals with renal glucosuria: A matched cohort study

Abstract

Aims: To compare the clinical and biochemical characteristics of individuals with renal glucosuria to matched controls. Materials and Methods: We analysed data from 60,000 consecutive adults in Maccabi Healthcare Services, an Israeli health maintenance organization, who had at least two urine dipstick tests performed at least 3 months apart within 10 years before 11 March 2024. For each patient, we analysed the most recent urine test and the previous test taken at least 3 months earlier. We excluded individuals with prediabetes or diabetes, sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitor use and pregnancy. Individuals with renal glucosuria (two positive glucose urine tests plus an ICD-9-CM diagnosis) were matched 1:3 to controls (two negative glucose urine tests) by age, sex, weight and BMI. Clinical and laboratory data were assessed using univariate and multivariate logistic regression. Results: Of 227 individuals with renal glucosuria, 220 were matched with 660 controls selected from a total of 33,655 individuals. The mean age of the study population (n = 880) was 36.9 ± 12 years; 70% were female, and the mean BMI was 24.1 ± 4.1 kg/m2. Individuals with renal glucosuria had higher haematocrit (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] 1.10, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.04 to 1.16) and lower blood uric acid levels (aOR 0.70, 95% CI 0.58 to 0.85) compared with controls. No significant differences were observed in fasting glucose, estimated glomerular filtration rate, lipid profiles or the rates of hypertension, atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease or genitourinary infections. Conclusion: In young adults, renal glucosuria was associated with higher haematocrit and lower uric acid, with no other cardiometabolic differences from controls.