Traffic Management: Multi-Scale Vehicle Detection in Varying Weather Conditions Using YOLOv4 and Spatial Pyramid Pooling Network

Abstract

Detecting and counting on road vehicles is a key task in intelligent transport management and surveillance systems. The applicability lies both in urban and highway traffic monitoring and control, particularly in difficult weather and traffic conditions. In the past, the task has been performed through data acquired from sensors and conventional image processing toolbox. However, with the advent of emerging deep learning based smart computer vision systems the task has become computationally efficient and reliable. The data acquired from road mounted surveillance cameras can be used to train models which can detect and track on road vehicles for smart traffic analysis and handling problems such as traffic congestion particularly in harsh weather conditions where there are poor visibility issues because of low illumination and blurring. Different vehicle detection algorithms focusing the same issue deal only with on or two specific conditions. In this research, we address detecting vehicles in a scene in multiple weather scenarios including haze, dust and sandstorms, snowy and rainy weather both in day and nighttime. The proposed architecture uses CSPDarknet53 as baseline architecture modified with spatial pyramid pooling (SPP-NET) layer and reduced Batch Normalization layers. We also augment the DAWN Dataset with different techniques including Hue, Saturation, Exposure, Brightness, Darkness, Blur and Noise. This not only increases the size of the dataset but also make the detection more challenging. The model obtained mean average precision of 81% during training and detected smallest vehicle present in the image.